The above directive tells Apache to permit the execution of CGI files. You will also need to tell the server what files are CGI files. The following AddHandler directive tells the server to treat all files with the cgi or pl extension as CGI programs:.
To allow CGI program execution for any file ending in. If you wish designate a cgi-bin subdirectory of a user's directory where everything will be treated as a CGI program, you can use the following. This is HTTP header that tells the client what sort of content it is receiving. Most of the time, this will look like:. Secondly, your output needs to be in HTML, or some other format that a browser will be able to display.
Apart from those two things, writing a CGI program will look a lot like any other program that you might write. The following is an example CGI program that prints one line to your browser.
Type in the following, save it to a file called first. Even if you are not familiar with Perl, you should be able to see what is happening here. The second line prints the content-type declaration we talked about, followed by two carriage-return newline pairs.
This puts a blank line after the header, to indicate the end of the HTTP headers, and the beginning of the body. The third line prints the string "Hello, World.
And that's the end of it. It's not very exciting, but once you get that working, you'll have a good chance of getting just about anything working. There are four basic things that you may see in your browser when you try to access your CGI program from the web:.
Remember that the server does not run as you. That is, when the server starts up, it is running with the permissions of an unprivileged user - usually nobody , or www - and so it will need extra permissions to execute files that are owned by you. Usually, the way to give a file sufficient permissions to be executed by nobody is to give everyone execute permission on the file:. Also, if your program reads from, or writes to, any other files, those files will need to have the correct permissions to permit this.
When you run a program from your command line, you have certain information that is passed to the shell without you thinking about it. For example, you have a PATH , which tells the shell where it can look for files that you reference. Any programs that you invoke in your CGI program like sendmail , for example will need to be specified by a full path, so that the shell can find them when it attempts to execute your CGI program.
A common manifestation of this is the path to the script interpreter often perl indicated in the first line of your CGI program, which will look something like:. If your CGI program depends on non-standard environment variables , you will need to assure that those variables are passed by Apache. Any header violating this rule will be dropped silently.
Most of the time when a CGI program fails, it's because of a problem with the program itself. This is particularly true once you get the hang of this CGI stuff, and no longer make the above two mistakes. The first thing to do is to make sure that your program runs from the command line before testing it via the web server.
For example, try:. Do not call the perl interpreter. The shell and Apache should find the interpreter using the path information on the first line of the script. The first thing you see written by your program should be a set of HTTP headers, including the Content-Type , followed by a blank line.
If you see anything else, Apache will return the Premature end of script headers error if you try to run it through the server. See Writing a CGI program above for more details. Notify me of follow-up comments by email.
Notify me of new posts by email. Email Address. RootUsers Guides, tutorials, reviews and news for System Administrators. Then you can run restorecon. Summary Here we have created a CGI script with Perl which has been successfully executed by Apache and returned the correct result to the users browser, demonstrating that with a simple CGI script we can serve content processed by a script through Apache. Leave a comment? Miles January 18, at am. Oh, my mistake, cleared the audit log, rebooted and tried again.
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Virtual hosts allow you to host multiple separate websites on the same server, with a separate set of directories for each website.
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